Researchers at University College Cork (UCC) have developed a new sensor to detect ammonia pollution in real-time in a breakthrough that is expected to reduce cost barriers to farmers.
They said that silicon nanowire sensor is a significant advance on existing technology and that it promises to transform environmental monitoring and support sustainable farming practices.
Efficient detection of ammonia is essential for reducing air and water pollution, safeguarding human health, promoting sustainable agriculture, and shaping climate and environmental policies.
Current technologies for ammonia measurement include spectroscopic techniques and sensors that are expensive, bulky, and impractical for widespread or field applications.
The UCC sensor was developed as part of the EU-funded RADICAL project, with the findings published in the latest ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces journal.
The researchers described the nanowire sensor as sensitive and precise, as consuming minimal power, and able to operate at room temperature, allowing for real-time air quality monitoring.
The product is simple and cost effective to produce and can quickly and reliably detect ammonia, even in small amounts, providing a portable solution for use in diverse environments.
Ammonia pollution primarily originates from agricultural activities and poses significant environmental and health risks.
In Ireland, where agriculture plays a major role, ammonia emissions are a critical concern. Urban sources such as vehicle emissions also contribute.
Once in the atmosphere, ammonia reacts with acidic gases to form particulate matter (PM2.5), which is harmful to human health and can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Direct exposure can irritate the skin, eyes, and lungs.
Environmentally, excess ammonia causes water pollution, leading to algal blooms and eutrophication, which harm aquatic life. It also impacts air quality and climate.
“This new sensor is a powerful tool for both air quality monitoring and research. It is low in cost, small, and suitable for large-scale deployment," said Dr Vaishali Vardhan, lead author of the paper.
"What distinguishes our technology is the use of bare silicon nanowires—avoiding complex hybridisation techniques—which makes the sensor more affordable and scalable.
"The integration of UV light further boosts its sensitivity, enabling efficient detection of ammonia at low concentrations."
Prof Justin Holmes, RADICAL project coordinator, commented: "This pioneering technology is set to revolutionise environmental monitoring in the agricultural sector.
"It will allow farmers to make more informed decisions, benefiting both their businesses and the environment as a whole."
(Pic: Getty Images)
